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Benefits and risks of nitrogen fertilizers for support of straw decomposition
Mühlbachová, Gabriela ; Růžek, Pavel ; Kusá, Helena ; Vavera, Radek ; Káš, Martin ; Watzlová, Elizaveta
The methodology evaluates the benefits and risks of generally used nitrogen application to support cereal straw decomposition. The possibilities of reduction of the commonly recommended nitrogen doses were verified. The appropriate fertilization manners are suggested with regard to nutrient availability for following crops including optimal N doses in cases when the N supply is necessary. The recommendations represent the result of field trials in different soil-climatic conditions and also on farms, where different nitrogen fertilizers have been applied to winter wheat straw. The results showed that depending on the weather, the fertilization with nitrogen in the summer and autumn period decomposes 30-50% of the straw in the given year, and without fertilizing then 25-30%. Based on the obtained results, there is recommended to reduce fertilization with nitrogen mineral fertilizers to 4-5 kg N/t of straw If the following crop id the oilseed rape or intercrop with higher nitrogen nutrition demands, there is possible to increase N dose to 6-10 kg N/t straw. This recommendation is related also on liquid manure and organic fertilizers containing nitrogen also in organic form. Lower doses of above mentioned range are recommended if no following crop is sown, higher does if possible to apply before sowing of winter crops or intercrops. Overall straw decomposition was higher after application of fertilizers on straw leaved 3 weeks on soil surface. Straw on soil surface reduces water losses from soil and warming in warm summer period, which improves water, carbon and nutrient retention in a soil.
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Vliv dusíkatých hnojiv s humáty na výnos a kvalitu řepky ozimé
Vlášek, Jan
The goal of bachelor´s thesis effect of nitrogen fertilizers with humates on the yield and quality of winter rape was to make a literature summary focused on humic substances, their mixture with fertilizers and nutrition of winter rape. In practical experiment evaluate the influence of addition of humic substances to nitrogen fertilizers with sulphur, sulphur and magnesium to be more precise to the yield of winter rape seeds and oil production. Patch field tests were done on experimental stations of Mendel University, Žabčice u Brna (179 m a. s. l.) and Vatín u Žďáru na Sázavou (535 m a. s. l.) in the year 2015/2016. Several variations were included in these experiments, with fertilizes DASA 26-13, MAGNISUL and DASAMAG and fertilizes with addition of humic substances DASA H, MAGNISUL H and DASAMAG H. Mentioned fertilizers were applied as regenerative fertilization. Yield of winter rape seeds was statistically higher on site Žabčice. Addition of humic substances did not significantly manifest on yield. Only variation with MAGNISUL H had 11 % higher yield than MAGNISUL. Differences in achieved oiliness of seeds were not statistically significant.
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Ekonomické zhodnocení účinku vybraných hnojiv se stabilizovaným dusíkem u pšenice ozimé
Sapák, Antonín
The aim of submitted thesis was to evaluate the application of selected fertilizers with nitrogen and sulfur to the grain yield and the quality of winter wheat production and the impact of their use on the economy of this cereal crop. Their testing was carried out in a one-year field experiment. In the experiment selected combinations of fertilizers containing various forms of N, N-fertilizers with sulfur and manure added with nitrogen conversion inhibitors were tested. Fertilizers were applied in selected terms of regeneration, production and quality fertilization. At a total ration of 159 kg/ha N. N-fertilizer with urease inhibitors and nitrification inhibitor – Urea Stabil and Alzon Neo – achieved the best results. Their application increased the yield (Alzon Neo) and consequently the economy of wheat growing technology (Urea Stabil). A decrease in the results of the experiment was recorded for sulfur-containing fertilizers (Ensin and DASA). Low yield effect was found after application of LAD + LAD + DAM 390 fertilization. Wheat food quality E was achieved in all fertilization variants tested. In the variant using a uniform application of fertilizer with urease inhibitor (Urea Stabil), the economy of the growing technology generated up to 37 % rel.
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Vliv dusíkato-sirného hnojiva s inhibitorem nitrifikace na výnos a kvalitu zrna pšenice ozimé
Vícha, Lukáš
This diploma thesis examines an impact of a nitrogen-sulphur fertilizer with and without a nitrification inhibitor on a yield and quality of a winter wheat grain. From a qualitative feature there has been observed an impact of fertilizers on a volume weight, nitrogen substances, gluten and sedimentation value. The research was conducted in a form of small fields experiment in a business year 2015/2016, 2016/2017 and 2017/2018 in a different localities. The first locality can be found on a South Moravia region specifically at experimental fields of School agricultural enterprise in Žabčice and the second is at Research fodder plants station in Vatín in Vysočina. There has been included five different variants in a research. 1. Unfertilized, 2. CAN + CAN, 3. ANAS + CAN (ammonium nitrate + ammonium sulfate), 4. CAN + ANAS, 5. CAN + ENSIN (ammonium nitrate + ammonium sulfate + inhibitor of nitrification). The results show, that an influence of fertilizer was influenced by a weather conditions in a particular year, when was yield increased in a 2016/2017 by 30 % against a previous year. The yield was also influenced by localities in which has been held. The difference was also between individual variants of fertiliszrs where the variant LAD + ENSIN performed the best with an average yield of 8,18 t/ha. Regarding the qualitative parameters of grain there has been also differences between individual years, localities and also fertiliser variants, however some of the values did not fulfilled norms for a food wheat, so the wheat is in general evaluated as a fodder wheat because the values for the volume weight of winter wheat grain were not met. The economic profit of the research was the best in variant LAD + ENSIN, where were finally displayed transportation savings and amount of applied fertilisers.
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Vliv termínu aplikace stabilizovaného dusíkato-sirného hnojiva na výnos a olejnatost řepky ozimé
Lančová, Taťána
This thesis follow up assessment effect of fertilizing with stabilized nitrogen fertilizers, which contain sulphur, on yield and oiliness of winter oilseed rape. Thesis examines, if it is more favourable to use this kind of fertilizer than to use common one and how it affects yield and oiliness of seed. For research were founded a small-plot three-year field trials at experimental stations in Žabčice and in Vatín. There were used the following variants: 1. unfertilized, 2. LAD + LAD, 3. DASA + DASA, 4. ENSIN and 5. LAD + ENSIN. Fertilizers LAD (ammonium nitrate with dolomite; 27 % N) and DASA (ammonium nitrate with ammonium sulphate; 26 % N + 13 % S) were used in divided application and in the second production fertilizing there was added 150 l.ha-1 DAM 390 (ammonium nitrate with urea; 30 % N). On another variant there was once applied dose of ENSIN (ammonium nitrate with ammonium sulphate with nitrification inhibitors). ENSIN was also added to LAD, when there was done first nitrogen dose with LAD and second nitrogen dose with ENSIN, which comprised around 60 % of total dose of nitrogen. Total dose of nitrogen applied to the experimental plots was 194 kg.ha-1. For individual variants no statistically significant effect of fertilizers with seed yield inhibitors was found. The DASA + DASA variant yielded 2,80 t.ha-1. LAD + ENSIN (2,75 t.ha-1), ENSIN (2,72 t.ha-1) and LAD + LAD (2,67 t.ha-1) variants were similar. The lowest yield then released a non-fertilized variant with a yield of 2,54 t.ha-1. Stabilized fertilizers did not show a statistically significant effect on the oiliness of the seed. The highest oiliness was achieved by the non-fertilized variant (42,91%), and it showed good oiliness of the use of LAD + ENSIN fertilizers (42,44%). For other variants ENSIN (42,27%), LAD + LAD (42,18%) and DASA + DASA (42,16%) a similar seed oiliness was found.
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Vliv dusíkato-sirných hnojiv s humáty na výnos a kvalitu pšenice ozimé
Dostal, Tadeáš
The aim of diploma thesis was to examined the effect of humate addition to nitrogen fertilizers with sulfur on yield and qualitative parameters of the winter wheat. The ex-periment was established as a two-years small-plot field experiment. The experiment was established on two experimentation locations – Žabčice and Vatín. Because of the high number of factors, two multifactor analyzes were performed in the statistical evaluation. The variant of fertilization included in the experiment are: DASA (amonnium sul-phate nitrate), DASAMAG (amonnium sulphate nitrate and magnesite) and MAGNI-SUL (amonnium suplhate nitrate and magnesite) with their analogies DASA H, DASAMAG H a MAGNISUL H with the humate addition in form of lignite. Ferti-lizers were applied in two terms either regenerative or productive. The highest statistical differences were achieved for the factors of the locality and the year. The average yileds achieved in Žabčice were higher in comparison with Vatín (the difference was 0,45 t/ha respectively 5,7 %). There were observed higher average yields in the year 2017 beside the year 2016 (the difference was 1,86 t/ha respectively 26,1 %). There were also recorded higher values of qualitative parameters in Žabčice in 2017. Based on the results, it can be stated that the best average yields and the other monitored parameters were in Žabčice 2017. There were no statistical differences between variants with and without humate. The highest average yield achieved variant fertilization with DASA. Only variant MAGNI-SUL H achieved higher yield than variant MAGNISUL (the difference was minimal, 0,2 %). MAGNISUL H was the only variant that achieved higher average volume weight and sediment values compared to the fertilizers without the humate addition. The term of application did not prove to be statistically significant.
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Vliv inhibitoru ureázy v hnojivu na výnos a kvalitu brambor
Juhás, Petr
This diploma thesis deals with the influence of fertilizer with urease inhibitor on filed and quality of potatoes on table potato varieties. Varieties selected for field trials were selected according to the different length of the growing season. In a field experiment was used variety Karin, which is among the early varieties and Red Anna, which is among the semi-early variety. The results were from a two-year field trial, which were established in 2013 and 2014 on the experimental field of station school farm of Mendel university in Žabčice.
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Vliv hnojení močovinou a UreaStabil na výnos a kvalitu brambor
Pospíšilová, Markéta
The aim of my diploma thesis was to evaluate the effect of different doses of urea and UreaStabil fertilization on yield, tuber size and quality of potato tubers. A field experiment was carried out at the research station Valečov (Valkom Ltd.), the branch of the Potato Research Institute in Havlíčkův Brod during the years 2013 and 2014. Seven variants of fertilization were monitored in four repetitions of various doses of nitrogen fertilizer application as urea and UreaStabil and were compared to the unfertilized check variant. Two potato varieties, each with different lenght of the growing season, an early Karin and mid-early Red Anna, were used for comparison.
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Vliv aplikace různých dusíkatých hnojiv na slámu na obsah rostlinám přístupného dusíku v půdě
Pliska, Radim
The work deals with the influence of the application of different nitrogen fertilizers on the winter wheat straw decomposition support on the nitrogen content accessible to plants in the soil. This issue was dealt in the agricultural year 2013/2014 as small-plot field experiment at the experimental station of the School Farm in Žabčice near Brno. The following 7 variations of fertilizers in three repetitions was included in the experiment: Ammonium sulphate granular, Urea, DAM 390, ALZON 46, DAM 390 + PIADIN 0,5 l/ha, DAM 390 + PIADIN 1 l/ha, NPK 15-15-15) and not fertilized inspection. Every fertilizer was aplicated in two rations. An effect of different variant was evaluated in two soil-cultivate to a depth of 24 cm and minimization to a depth of 15 cm. We evaluated the content of mineral nitrogen in the soil. The differential effect was expected in each variant of fertilizers but individual variants of the fertilizers were not statistically significant. Influence of soil-cultivate was statistically significant. The value of mineral nitrogen ranged from 8.90 up 16.20 mg/kg on tillage variant. The lowest value was determined on the variant DAM 390 + PIADIN (1 l/ha) and the highest value on the variant DAM 390 + PIADIN 0,5 l/ha. The value of mineral nitrogen was between the number 5.49 and 7,76 mg/kg in the minimization variation. The lowest value was established on the variant ALZON 46 and the highest on the variant Urea.
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